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Molecule Parameter List for AC2 | The statistics table lists the distribution of a molecule acting either as a substrate, product, enzyme or as a molecule within the network.
The text color of a molecule is highlighted by  color. | | Statistics |
Accession and Pathway Details | |
| Accession Name | Accession No. | Accession Type | Pathway Link | Synaptic_
Network | 16 | Network |
Shared_Object_Synaptic_Network, PKC, PLA2,
PLCbeta, Gq, MAPK,
Ras, EGFR, Sos,
PLC_g, CaMKII, CaM,
PP1, PP2B, PKA,
AC, CaRegulation | This model is an annotated version of the synaptic signaling network.
The primary reference is Bhalla US and Iyengar R. Science (1999) 283(5400):381-7 but several of the model pathways have been updated.
Bhalla US Biophys J. 2002 Aug;83(2):740-52
Bhalla US J Comput Neurosci. 2002 Jul-Aug;13(1):49-62 |
AC2 acting as a Molecule in Synaptic_Network Network
| Name | Accession Name | Pathway Name | Initial Conc.
(uM) | Volume
(fL) | Buffered | | AC2 | Synaptic_
Network
Accession No. : 16 | AC
Pathway No. : 85 | 0.015 | 1000 | No | | AC concentrations are tricky due to poor antibodies. I refer to an estimate from Jacobowitz, PhD Thesis, Mount Sinai School of Medicine around Pg 149 which estimates cyclase as 1/12600 of membrane protein. This gives a whole-cell conc of about 33 nM using assumptions of 2% of cell mass being membrane protein. Defer et al 2000 Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 279:F400-F416 in a good review put AC2 among the highly expressed form of brain cyclase. We therefore estimate its levels as a good fraction of the 33 nM, at 15 nM. This actually adds up to a little more than 33, but it is well within error estimates. |
AC2 acting as a Substrate for an Enzyme in Synaptic_Network Network
Enzyme Molecule /
Enzyme Activity | Accession Name | Pathway Name | Km (uM) | kcat (s^-1) | Ratio | Enzyme Type | Reagents | PKC-active /
phosph-AC2 | Synaptic_
Network
Accession No. : 16 | Shared_Object_
Synaptic_
Network
Pathway No. : 70 | 33.3333 | 4 | 4 | explicit E-S complex | Substrate
AC2
Product
AC2*
| | Phorbol esters have little effect on AC1 or on the Gs-stimulation of AC2. So in this model we are only dealing with the increase in basal activation of AC2 induced by PKC k1 = 1.66e-6 k2 = 16 k3 =4 |
AC2 acting as a Substrate in a reaction in Synaptic_Network Network
| Kd is calculated only for second order reactions, like nA+nB <->nC or nA<->nC+nD, where n is number and A,B,C,D are molecules, where as for first order reactions Keq is calculated.
Kd for higher order reaction are not consider. |
| Name | Accession Name | Pathway Name | Kf | Kb | Kd | tau | Reagents | | Gs-bind-AC2 | Synaptic_
Network
Accession No. : 16 | AC
Pathway No. : 85 | 499.998
(uM^-1 s^-1) | 1
(s^-1) | Kd(bf) = 0.002(uM) | - | Substrate
AC2
Gs-alpha
Product
AC2-Gs
| | Half-max at around 3nM = kb/kf from fig 5 in Feinstein et al PNAS USA 88 10173-10177 1991 kf = kb/1800 = 5.56e-4 kb Ofer Jacobowitz's thesis data indicates it is more like 2 nM. Jacobowitz, PhD Thesis, Mount Sinai School of Medicine. |
AC2 acting as a Product in a reaction in Synaptic_Network Network
| Kd is calculated only for second order reactions, like nA+nB <->nC or nA<->nC+nD, where n is number and A,B,C,D are molecules, where as for first order reactions Keq is calculated.
Kd for higher order reaction are not consider. |
| Name | Accession Name | Pathway Name | Kf | Kb | Kd | tau | Reagents | | dephosph-AC2 | Synaptic_
Network
Accession No. : 16 | AC
Pathway No. : 85 | 0.1
(s^-1) | 0
(s^-1) | - | - | Substrate
AC2*
Product
AC2
| | Rate constrained by balancing levels of phosphorylated form, especially given resting PKC levels. |
| Database compilation and code copyright (C) 2022, Upinder S. Bhalla and NCBS/TIFR
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